Overview
The VMware service monitors allow you to monitor and alert based on the performance and status your virtual resources. These monitors can watch for threshold violations with computing resources for VMs, ESX servers, and changes in power states.
Most of these service monitors use VMware vCenter-collected metrics that are made available to Uptime Infrastructure Monitor through vSync. These VMware vCenter-monitored components, combined with more granular agent-based server monitoring, provide you with choice between breadth and depth.
vSphere Performance Monitors
The vSphere performance monitors allow you to monitor and alert on specific VMware vSphere components: datacenters, clusters, resource pools, vApps, and VMs.
The metrics collected through VMware vCenter servers can be used by Uptime Infrastructure Monitor through vSync, and subsequently be used to trigger Uptime Infrastructure Monitor’s own alerts and actions, allowing you to integrate both your vSphere-managed and non-virtual resources.
These performance monitors can answer questions such as the following:
- Is the CPU usage of VMs in a vApp, resource pool, cluster, or datacenter passing an acceptable level?
- Is the memory consumed by VMs in a vApp, resource pool, cluster, or datacenter passing an acceptable level?
- Is the number of ESX servers that are a part of the cluster or datacenter exceeding an acceptable number and threatening performance?
Datacenter and Cluster Performance
The Datacenter Performance and Cluster Performance monitors can trigger alerts on metrics collected through vSync.
Datacenter Performance and Cluster Performance Monitor Metrics
The following VMware vSphere metric types for datacenter or cluster performance can be used to configure thresholds in Uptime Infrastructure Monitor:
Time Interval | A positive integer indicating the number of minutes’ worth of performance data samples to average, then compare against threshold definitions (default: 30). | |
Number of Running VMs: | Warning- and critical-level thresholds can be set, using positive integers, for the average number of VMs powered on during the time interval. | |
Number of Running Hosts: | Warning- and critical-level thresholds can be set, using positive integers, for the average number of vSphere ESX servers powered on during the time interval. | |
CPU Consumed: | Warning- and critical-level thresholds can be set, using positive integers, for the total percentage of CPU cycles consumed by VMs belonging to this datacenter or cluster. | |
Memory Consumed: | Warning- and critical-level thresholds can be set, using positive integers, for the total percentage of memory consumed by VMs belonging to this datacenter or cluster. |
Configuring Datacenter Performance or Cluster Performance Monitors
To configure a Datacenter Performance or Cluster Performance monitor, do the following:
- Select the monitor from the Add Service Monitor window, in the VMware Monitors section.
- Click Continue to begin configuring the service monitor.
- Complete the monitor information fields.
See Monitor Identification for more information on configuring service monitor information fields. - In the Cluster Performance Settings section, configure the monitor’s warning- and critical-level threshold values:
- Time Interval
- Number of Running VMs
- Number of Running Hosts
- CPU Consumed
- Memory Consumed
For more information on these metrics, see Datacenter Performance and Cluster Performance Monitor Metrics.
For more information about setting thresholds and response time, see Configuring Warning and Critical Thresholds.
- Complete the following settings:
- Timing Settings (see Adding Monitor Timing Settings Information for more information)
- Alert Settings (see Monitor Alert Settings for more information)
- Monitoring Period settings (see Monitor Timing Settings for more information)
- Alert Profile settings (see Alert Profiles for more information)
- Action Profile settings (see Action Profiles for more information)
- Click Finish.
Resource Pool and vApp Performance
The Resource Pool Performance and vApp Performance monitors can trigger alerts on metrics collected through vSync.
Resource Pool Performance and vApp Performance Monitor Metrics
The following VMware vSphere metric types for resource pool and vApp performance can be used to configure thresholds in Uptime Infrastructure Monitor :
Time Interval | A positive integer indicating the number of minutes’ worth of performance data samples to average, then compare against threshold definitions (default: 30). | |
Number of Running VMs: | Warning- and critical-level thresholds can be set, using positive integers, for the average number of VMs powered on during the time interval. | |
CPU Consumed: | Warning- and critical-level thresholds can be set, using positive integers, for the total percentage of CPU cycles consumed by VMs belonging to this resource pool or vApp. | |
Memory Consumed: | Warning- and critical-level thresholds can be set, using positive integers, for the total percentage of memory consumed by VMs belonging to this resource pool or vApp. |
Configuring Resource Pool Performance or vApp Performance Monitors
To configure a Resource Pool Performance or vApp Performance monitor, do the following:
- Select the monitor from the Add Service Monitor window, in the VMware Monitors section.
- Click Continue to begin configuring the service monitor.
- Complete the monitor information fields.
See Monitor Identification for more information on configuring service monitor information fields. - In the Resource Pool Performance Settings section, configure the monitor’s warning- and critical-level threshold values:
- Time Interval
- Number of Running VMs
- CPU Consumed
- Memory Consumed
For more information on these metrics, see Resource Pool Performance and vApp Performance Monitor Metrics.
For more information about setting thresholds and response time, see Configuring Warning and Critical Thresholds.
- Complete the following settings:
- Timing Settings (see Adding Monitor Timing Settings Information for more information)
- Alert Settings (see Monitor Alert Settings for more information)
- Monitoring Period settings (see Monitor Timing Settings for more information)
- Alert Profile settings (see Alert Profiles for more information)
- Action Profile settings (see Action Profiles for more information)
- Click Finish.
VM Performance
The VM Instance Performance monitor can trigger alerts on metrics collected through vSync.
VM Instance Performance Monitor Metrics
The following VMware vSphere metric types for VM instance performance can be used to configure thresholds in Uptime Infrastructure Monitor:
Time Interval | A positive integer indicating the number of minutes' worth of data samples to average, then compare against threshold definitions (default: 15). | |
CPU Value | Warning- and critical-level thresholds can be set, using positive integers, for a specific CPU-related value:
If the virtual machine's allocated CPU resources in the VMware vSphere Client is set to its default Unlimited value, the Usage (%) metric in Uptime Infrastructure Monitor will be based on the total available CPU for the host. | |
Memory Value | Warning- and critical-level thresholds can be set, using positive integers, for a specific memory-related value:
If the virtual machine's allocated memory in the VMware vSphere Client is set to its default Unlimited value, the Usage (%) metric in Uptime Infrastructure Monitor will not provide any data. | |
Swap Check | Warning- and critical-level thresholds can be set, using positive integers, for a swap-related value:
| |
Disk I/O Value | Warning- and critical-level thresholds can be set, using positive integers, for the aggregate disk I/O rate for the VM, in KBps. | |
Network I/O Value | Warning- and critical-level thresholds can be set, using positive integers, for the aggregate received and transmitted rate, in KBps. |
Configuring VM Instance Performance Monitors
To configure a VM Instance Performance monitor, do the following:
- Select the monitor from the Add Service Monitor window, in the VMware Monitors section.
- Click Continue to begin configuring the service monitor.
- Complete the monitor information fields.
See Monitor Identification for more information on configuring service monitor information fields.
In the VM Instance Performance Settings section, configure the monitor's warning- and critical-level threshold values:- Time Interval
- CPU Check
- Memory Check
- Swap check
- Disk I/O Check
- Network I/O Check
For more information on these metrics, see VM Instance Performance Monitor Metrics.
For more information about setting thresholds and response time, see Configuring Warning and Critical Thresholds.
- Complete the following settings:
- Timing Settings (see Adding Monitor Timing Settings Information for more information)
- Alert Settings (see Monitor Alert Settings for more information)
- Monitoring Period settings (see Monitor Timing Settings for more information)
- Alert Profile settings (see Alert Profiles for more information)
- Action Profile settings (see Action Profiles for more information)
- Click Finish.
ESX Server Monitors
ESX Server monitors focus on the ESX server host, as a physical computing resource, for monitoring and alerting.
There are currently three ESX-related monitors:
- ESX (Advanced Metrics): uses an Uptime Infrastructure Monitor agent on the ESX server
- vSphere ESX Server Performance: uses metrics transferred to Uptime Infrastructure Monitor using vSync
- ESX Workload monitor: a legacy monitor that can no longer be added to Uptime Infrastructure Monitor, and is found only in upgraded Uptime Infrastructure Monitor deployments
The metrics collected for these ESX server monitors can be used to trigger Uptime Infrastructure Monitor alerts and actions. These performance monitors can answer questions such as the following:
- Are CPU or memory usage on the host too high?
- Are network and disk I/O usage or latency within acceptable limits?
- Are disk and network error rates too high?
- Are memory ballooning targets exceeded?
vSphere ESX Server Performance
The vSphere ESX Server Performance monitor allows you to alert based on performance checks on ESX server Elements managed by VMware vSphere, but monitored in Uptime Infrastructure Monitor via vSync.
vSphere ESX Server Performance Monitor Metrics
The following vSphere metric types for ESX server performance can be used to configure thresholds in Uptime Infrastructure Monitor:
Time Interval | A positive integer indicating the number of minutes’ worth of performance data samples to average, then compare against threshold definitions (default: 30). | |
CPU Check: | Warning- and critical-level thresholds can be set, using positive integers, for average CPU usage as either percentage usage, or average MHz usage. | |
Memory Check: | Warning- and critical-level thresholds can be set, using positive integers, for one of the following value types:
| |
Swap Check: | Warning- and critical-level thresholds can be set, using positive integers, for either swap space used (in MB), or swap rate (the combined swap-in rate and swap-out rate, in KBps, across all VMs on this host). | |
Disk Device I/O: | Warning- and critical-level thresholds can be set, using positive integers, for one of the following value types:
Checks are made against the average for all detected disk devices, or any individual device that is violating the threshold. | |
Disk Device Errors Check: | Warning- and critical-level thresholds can be set, using positive integers, for either the number of SCSI command aborts per minute, or the number of bus resets per minute. Checks are made against the average for all detected disk devices, or any individual device that is violating the threshold. | |
Network I/O: | Warning- and critical-level thresholds can be set, using positive integers, for the aggregate received and transmitted rate (in KBps). Checks are made against the average for all detected network interfaces, or any individual network interface that is violating the threshold. | |
Network Errors Check: | Warning- and critical-level thresholds can be set, using positive integers, for the aggregate received and transmitted packets dropped per minute. Checks are made against the average for all detected network interfaces, or any individual network interface that is violating the threshold. |
Configuring vSphere ESX Server Performance Monitors
To configure a vSphere ESX Server Performance monitor, do the following:
- Select the monitor from the Add Service Monitor window, in the VMware Monitors section.
- Click Continue to begin configuring the service monitor.
Complete the monitor information fields.
See Monitor Identification for more information on configuring service monitor information fields.When selecting an Element associated with this service monitor, only ESX servers monitored in Uptime Infrastructure Monitor via vSync will appear in the Single System list
- In the vSphere ESX Server Performance Settings section, in the Time Interval sub-section, enter the number of minutes’ worth of time samples that will be used to compare thresholds.
- For the following metric categories, select the metric unit of measurement, then configure the monitor’s warning- or critical-level threshold values:
- CPU Usage
- Memory
- Swap
- Disk Device I/O
- Disk Errors
- Network I/O
- Network Errors
For more information on these metrics, see vSphere ESX Server Performance Monitor Metrics.
For more information about setting thresholds, see Configuring Warning and Critical Thresholds.
- Complete the following settings:
- Timing Settings (see Adding Monitor Timing Settings Information for more information)
- Alert Settings (see Monitor Alert Settings for more information)
- Monitoring Period settings (see Monitor Timing Settings for more information)
- Alert Profile settings (see Alert Profiles for more information)
- Action Profile settings (see Action Profiles for more information)
- Click Finish.
ESX (Advanced Metrics)
The ESX (Advanced Metrics) monitor offers greater visibility into your ESX environment by expanding on the high level usage metrics for a virtual machine’s CPU, memory, and disk activity.
ESX Advanced Metrics Monitor Metrics
The following ESX server metrics can be used to configure thresholds:
Percent Wait | Guest metric - The percentage of time that a virtual CPU was not running. A non-running CPU could be idle (halted) or waiting for an external event such as I/O. | |
Memory Balloon (Avg) | Guest metric - The average amount of memory, in KB, held by memory control for ballooning. | |
Memory Balloon Target | Guest metric - The total amount of memory, in KB, that can be used by memory control for ballooning. | |
Memory Overhead (Avg) | Guest metric - The average amount of additional host memory, in KB, allocated to the virtual machine. | |
Memory Swap In (Avg) | Guest metric - The average amount of memory, in KB, that was swapped in. | |
Memory Swap Out (Avg) | Guest metric - The average amount of memory, in KB, that was swapped out. | |
Memory Zero (Avg) | Guest metric - The average amount of memory, in KB, that was zeroed out. | |
Memory Swap Used (Avg) | Host metric - The average amount of memory, in KB, that was used by the swap file. | |
Memory Swap Target | Guest metric - The total amount of memory, in KB, that can be swapped. | |
Disk Total Latency | Host metric - The average time, in milliseconds, taken for disk commands by a guest OS. This is the sum of kernelCommandLatency and physical deviceCommandLatency . | |
Disk Kernel Latency | Host metric - The average time, in milliseconds, spent in the ESX Server VMkernel per command. | |
Disk Device Latency | Host metric - The average time, in milliseconds, taken to complete a command from the physical device. | |
Disk Queue Latency | Host metric - The average time, in milliseconds, spent in the ESX Server VMkernel queue per write. | |
Disk Commands Aborted | Host metric - The number of disk commands aborted during the defined interval. | |
Disk Commands Issued | Host metric - The number of disk commands issued during the defined interval. | |
Disk Bus Resets | Host metric - The number of bus resets during the defined interval. |
Configuring ESX (Advanced Metrics) Monitors
To configure an ESX (Advanced Metrics) monitor, do the following:
- Select the monitor from the Add Service Monitor window, in the VMware Monitors section.
- Click Continue to begin configuring the service monitor.
- Complete the monitor information fields.
See Monitor Identification for more information on configuring service monitor information fields. - In the ESX (Advanced Metrics) Settings section, configure the monitor’s warning- and critical-level alerting thresholds by completing the following fields:
- Percent Wait
- Memory Balloon
- Memory Balloon Target
- Memory Overhead
- Memory Swap In
- Memory Swap Out
- Memory Zero
- Memory Swap Used
- Memory Swap Target
- Disk Total Latency
- Disk Kernel Latency
- Disk Device Latency
- Disk Queue Latency
- Disk Commands Aborted
- Disk Commands Issued
- Disk Bus Resets
- Response time
For more information on these metrics, see ESX Advanced Metrics Monitor Metrics.
For more information about setting thresholds and response time, see Configuring Warning and Critical Thresholds.
- Complete the following settings:
- Timing Settings (see Adding Monitor Timing Settings Information for more information)
- Alert Settings (see Monitor Alert Settings for more information)
- Monitoring Period settings (see Monitor Timing Settings for more information)
- Alert Profile settings (see Alert Profiles for more information)
- Action Profile settings (see Action Profiles for more information)
- Click Finish.
ESX Workload
The ESX Workload monitor collects a set of metrics from all of the instances that are running on an ESX v3 or v4 server over a specified time period.
This monitor is a legacy monitor that cannot be added to your Uptime Infrastructure Monitor configuration as a new service monitor; it exists in upgraded configurations that originally included it, and works only with the VMware ESX type Element .
The monitor the compares the highest values returned by the instances and then compares them to the thresholds that you set. If the values exceed the thresholds, Uptime Infrastructure Monitor issues an alert. The monitor does not pinpoint the specific instance(s) that have exceeded the defined thresholds.
For example, you are monitoring an ESX server that is running three instances. You configured the ESX Workload monitor to collect data samples every 10 minutes, and to issue a warning when memory usage exceeds 300 MB. The three instances are using the following amounts of memory: 110 MB, 227 MB, and 315 MB. The ESX Workload monitor focuses on the value of 315 MB and, because it exceeds the warning threshold, issues an alert.
ESX Workload Monitor Metrics
The following metrics are used by the ESX Workload monitor:
Time Interval | The amount of time, in minutes, at which the monitor will collect data samples from the ESX server. | |
CPU Warning Threshold | The amount of CPU resources, measured in megahertz (MHz), that the instances on the ESX server must consume before Uptime Infrastructure Monitor issues a warning. | |
CPU Critical Threshold | The amount of CPU resources, measured in megahertz MHz, that the instances on the ESX server must consume before Uptime Infrastructure Monitor issues a critical alert. | |
Network Bandwidth Warning Threshold | The amount of network traffic in and out of the server, measured in megabits per second (Mbit/s), that must be exceeded before Uptime Infrastructure Monitor issues a warning. | |
Network Bandwidth Critical Threshold | The amount of network traffic in and out of the server, measured in megabits per second (Mbit/s), that must be exceeded before Uptime Infrastructure Monitor issues a critical alert. | |
Disk Usage Warning Threshold | The amount of data written to the server’s hard disk, measured in kilobytes per second (KB/s), that must be exceeded before Uptime Infrastructure Monitor issues a warning. | |
Disk Usage Critical Threshold | The amount of data written to the server’s hard disk, measured in kilobytes per second (KB/s), that must be exceeded before Uptime Infrastructure Monitor issues a critical alert. | |
Memory Usage Warning Threshold | The amount of overall system memory, measured in megabytes (MB), that must be exceeded before Uptime Infrastructure Monitor issues a warning. | |
Memory Usage Critical Threshold | The amount of overall system memory, measured in megabytes (MB), that must be exceeded before Uptime Infrastructure Monitor issues a critical alert. | |
Percent Ready Warning Threshold | The percentage of time that one or more instances running on an ESX server is ready to run, but cannot run because it cannot access the processor on the ESX server. If the valued returned from the server exceeds this threshold, then Uptime Infrastructure Monitor issues a warning. | |
Percent Ready Critical Threshold | The percentage of time that one or more instances running on an ESX server is ready to run, but cannot run because it cannot access the processor on the ESX server. If the valued returned from the server exceeds this threshold, then Uptime Infrastructure Monitor issues a critical alert. | |
Percent Used Warning Threshold | The percentage of CPU time that an instance running on an ESX server is using. If the valued returned from the server exceeds this threshold, then Uptime Infrastructure Monitor issues a warning. | |
Percent Used Critical Threshold | The percentage of CPU time that an instance running on an ESX server is using. If the valued returned from the server exceeds this threshold, then Uptime Infrastructure Monitor issues a critical alert. |
Modifying an ESX Workload Monitor Configuration
To modify the configuration of a legacy ESX Workload monitor, do the following:
- If required, change the monitor information fields.
See Monitor Identification for more information. - In the ESX Workload Settings section, modify any of the monitor’s existing warning- or critical-level threshold values:
- Time Interval
- CPU Usage
- Network Bandwidth Usage
- Disk Usage
- Memory Usage
- Percent Ready
- Percent Used
For more information on these metrics, see ESX Workload Monitor Metrics.
For more information about setting thresholds, see Configuring Warning and Critical Thresholds.
- Complete the following settings:
- Timing Settings (see Adding Monitor Timing Settings Information for more information)
- Alert Settings (see Monitor Alert Settings for more information)
- Monitoring Period settings (see Monitor Timing Settings for more information)
- Alert Profile settings (see Alert Profiles for more information)
- Action Profile settings (see Action Profiles for more information)
- Click Finish.
Power State Monitors
The power state monitors help you manage both available computing resources within your clusters, resource pools, and other logical divisions in your vSphere-managed infrastructure, as well as power consumption in your physical datacenters. Power state changes to your hosts, and the VMs running on them, can be alerted and acted on.
The power state monitors can answer questions such as the following:
- Has a mission-critical VM powered off?
- Did a routine maintenance procedure start and complete properly?
- Are enough expected VMs powering down during the weekend, indicating vSphere’s Distributed Power Management is functioning correctly?
ESX Server Power State
The ESX Server Power State monitor watches for changes to the power states of an ESX server that is managed by VMware vSphere, and can run alert or action profiles based on the change.
ESX Server Power State Monitor Status Types
In Uptime Infrastructure Monitor, vSphere hosts will be in one of the following states:
Powered On | The host is running. | |
Powered Off | The host was powered off by an administrator through the vSphere Client. | |
Put on Standby | The host was put in standby mode either explicitly by an administrator, or automatically by vSphere Distributed Power Management (DPM). | |
Put in Maintenance | The host state is determined to be “unknown” if it is disconnected or not responding, implying it is in maintenance. |
Configuring ESX Server Power State Monitors
To configure an ESX Server Power State monitor, do the following:
- Select the monitor from the Add Service Monitor window, in the VMware Monitors section.
- Click Continue to begin configuring the service monitor.
- Complete the monitor information fields.
See Monitor Identification for more information on configuring service monitor information fields.
For more information on these power states, see ESX Server Power State Monitor Status Types.
When selecting an Element associated with this service monitor, only ESX servers monitored in Uptime Infrastructure Monitor via vSync will appear in the Single System list.
In the main ESX Server Power State Settings section, in the Powered On sub-section, do the following:
- In the Set Status to drop-down box, indicate what the monitor’s Uptime Infrastructure Monitor state will be when the ESX server’s state is Powered On.
- From the list, select which (if any) Alert Profiles are triggered when the host enters a powered-on state.
- From the list select which (if any) Action Profiles will be triggered when the host enters a powered-on state.
In the Powered Off sub-section, do the following:
- In the Set Status to drop-down box, indicate what the monitor’s Uptime Infrastructure Monitor state will be when the ESX server’s state is Powered Off.
- From the list, select which (if any) Alert Profiles are triggered when the host enters a powered-off state.
- From the list select which (if any) Action Profiles will be triggered when the host enters a powered-off state.
In the Put on Standby sub-section, do the following:
- In the Set Status to drop-down box, indicate what the monitor’s Uptime Infrastructure Monitor state will be when the ESX server’s state is Standby.
- From the list, select which (if any) Alert Profiles are triggered when the host enters a standby state.
- From the list select which (if any) Action Profiles will be triggered when the host enters a standby state.
In the Put in Maintenance sub-section, do the following:
- In the Set Status to drop-down box, indicate what the monitor’s Uptime Infrastructure Monitor state will be when the ESX server’s state is Unknown.
- From the list, select which (if any) Alert Profiles are triggered when the host enters an unknown state.
- From the list select which (if any) Action Profiles will be triggered when the host enters an unknown state.
Complete the following settings:
- Timing Settings (see Adding Monitor Timing Settings Information for more information)
- Monitoring Period settings (see Monitor Timing Settings for more information)
Click Finish.
VM Instance Power State
The VM Instance Power State monitor watches for changes to the power states of a VM running on an ESX server that is managed by vSphere, and can run alert or action profiles based on the change.
See Power State Monitors for more information.
VM Instance Power State Monitor Status Types
A virtual machine’s three basic power states are as follows:
Powered On | The virtual machine is running. | |
Powered Off | The virtual machine is not running. | |
Suspended | The virtual machine is not running, but a snapshot of its running applications and processes is retained. |
Configuring VM Instance Power State Monitors
To configure a VM Instance Power State monitor, do the following:
Select the monitor from the Add Service Monitor window, in the VMware Monitors section.
Click Continue to begin configuring the service monitor.
Complete the monitor information fields.
See Monitor Identification for more information on configuring service monitor information fields.
For more information on these VM power states, see VM Instance Power State Monitor Status Types.
When selecting a VM associated with this service monitor, only VMs monitored in Uptime Infrastructure Monitor via vSync will appear in the Single System list.
In the main VM Instance Power State Settings section, in the Powered On sub-section, do the following:
- In the Set Status to drop-down box, indicate what the monitor’s Uptime Infrastructure Monitor state will be when the VM’s state is “powered on”.
- From the list, select which (if any) Alert Profiles are triggered when the host enters a powered-on state.
- From the list select which (if any) Action Profiles will be triggered when the host enters a powered-on state.
In the Powered Off sub-section, do the following:
- In the Set Status to drop-down box, indicate what the monitor’s Uptime Infrastructure Monitor state will be when the VM’s state is “powered off”.
- From the list, select which (if any) Alert Profiles are triggered when the host enters a powered-off state.
- From the list select which (if any) Action Profiles will be triggered when the host enters a powered-off state.
In the Suspended sub-section, do the following:
- In the Set Status to drop-down box, indicate what the monitor’s Uptime Infrastructure Monitor state will be when the VM’s state is “suspended”.
- From the list, select which (if any) Alert Profiles are triggered when the host enters a suspended state.
- From the list select which (if any) Action Profiles will be triggered when the host enters a suspended state.
Complete the following settings:
- Timing Settings (see Adding Monitor Timing Settings Information for more information)
- Monitoring Period settings (see Monitor Timing Settings for more information)
Click Finish.